SEO is the Very Broad term, when it comes to rankings it must be unzipped to its deepest level. Here are some Basic SEO On-Page and Off-Page checklist that ensure top level rankings and high traffic to your website if followed properly.
These 40 Points can be very useful as a checklist for website owners looking to improve their rankings.
Onsite Optimization
1. find keywords that get searched but don’t have too much competition
2. select keyword and keyword phrases based on research
3. calculate competition for these words/phrases
4. acquire a domain with your keywords in it (if possible)
5. acquire fast and reliable hosting (local if possible)
6. create additional site URLs using keywords and phrases
7. create title tags using keywords and phrases
8. create description tags using keywords and phrases
9. create category tags using keywords and phrases
10. create keyword tags using keywords and phrases
11. use keywords and phrases to create headers (h1,h2,h3)
12. write content with a keyword and phrase concentration of 5-7%
13. use bold and strong tags with keywords and phrases
14. use words and phrases in content relevant to keywords
15. content topics should also be relevant to keywords and phrases
16. content should be free of spelling and grammar errors
17. include links to your own keyword rich URLs
18. create keyword rich title tags to these links
19. include pictures with keywords in picture names
20. create keyword rich alt tags for these pictures
Offsite Optimization
21. acquire one-way back links from relevant quality sites
22. acquire one-way back links from quality directories
23. acquire reciprocal links from relevant directories and sites
24. participate in 3 and 4 way link exchanges
25. ensure keywords and phrases are in link text
26. ensure keywords and phrases are surrounding the link
27. publish articles on relevant content with author box and link attached
28. use blogs, forums, Stubleupon, Digg, etc. to acquire links
29. acquire links from sites with high PR and fewer outgoing links
30. do not link to link farms, or sites that have been banned
Future Optimization
31. make sure you have the Google toolbar to check PR and back links
32. check your competition to see what they are doing (view source)
33. check back links of your competition through Google toolbar
34. create an account with Google Webmaster Tools and Analytics
35. monitor what sites are linking to you and act accordingly
36. monitor what keywords and phrases people are finding you with
37. update your content frequently and adjust your keywords as necessary
38. monitor your back links and PR as well as those of your competition
39. constantly search for high PR relevant sites that might link to you
40. keep your customers happy and patiently wait for more